Mechanical Engineering Classes

Introduction :  The planer is a machine tool designed to produce plane and flat surface on a workpiece which is too large or too heavy. The workpiece is securely fixed on a table called platen, and it reciprocates horizontally against a single edged cutting tool. The surface machined may be horizontal, vertical or at an angle. Operations of planer machine:  The planer is used for: 1. Planing flat horizontal, vertical and curved surfaces. 2. Planing at an angle and machining dovetails. 3. Planing slots and grooves. The planer are available in different types for doing different types and sizes of job; the most common being the standard and double housing planer. Construction : The main parts of the double Housing Planer machine is Bed and table, Housings, Cross rail, , Tool heads, Driving and feed mechanism. Bed and ta ble: The bed is a long heavy base and table made of cast iron. Its top surface is flat and machined accurately. The flat top surface has slots in which ...

Introduction :  The shaper is a machine tool used primarily for: 1. Producing a flat or plane surface which may be in a horizontal, a vertical or an angular plane. 2. Making slots, grooves and keyways 3. Producing contour of concave/convex or a combination of these Working Principle :  The job is rigidly fixed on the machine table. The single point cutting tool held properly in the tool post is mounted on a reciprocating ram. The reciprocating motion of the ram is obtained by a quick return motion mechanism. As the ram reciprocates, the tool cuts the material during its forward stroke. During return, there is no cutting action and this stroke is called the idle stroke. The forward and return strokes constitute one operating cycle of the shaper. Construction : The main parts of the Shaper machine is Base, Body (Pillar, Frame, Column), Cross rail, Ram and tool head (Tool Post, Tool Slide, Clamper Box Block). Base : The base is a heavy cast iron casting which is fixed to t...

लेथ मशीन आधुनिक 'सेन्टर लेथ ' लेथ मशीन या खराद एक  मशीनी औजार  है जो अक्ष के  सममित  (सिमेट्रिक) रचना वाले सामान बनाने के काम आती है। इसमें  धातु  का पिण्ड एक अक्ष पर घूर्णन ...

Fluid Mechanics   Add comments Sep 252012   Properties of  fluids  determine how fluids can be used in engineering and technology.  They also determine the behaviour of fluids in fluid mechanics. The following are some of the important basic properties of fluids: Density Viscosity Temperature Pressure Specific Volume Specific Weight Specific Gravity 1. Density: Density is the mass per unit volume of a fluid. In other words, it is the ratio between mass (m) and volume (V) of a fluid. Density is denoted by the symbol ‘ρ’. Its unit is kg/m 3 . In general, density of a fluid decreases with increase in temperature. It increases with increase in pressure. The ideal gas equation is given by: The above equation is used to find the density of any fluid, if the pressure (P) and temperature (T) are known. Note:  The density of standard liquid (water) is 1000 kg/m 3 . 2. Viscosity Viscosity is the fluid property that determines th...

1. System and Surroundings, 2. Types of system (open, closed, isolated), 3. State variables/functions, 4. Thermodynamic processes (isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric), 5. Sign conventions, 6. Extensive and Intensive properties, 7. Enthalpy and Entropy, 8. Gibbs free energy, 9. First law of thermodynamics, 10. Relationship between Cp and Cv, 11. Standard enthalpy of reactions, 12. Enthalpy changes during phase transformations, 13. Properties of enthalpy changes, 14. Hess's law of constant heat summation and 15. Calorimetry About the notes: 1. These notes are based on the latest syllabus and pattern of WBJEE entrance examination. 2. These notes are prepared by Subject Experts of Chemistry. 3. Some previous years’ solved questions are also included here which will help aspirants to get familiar with the difficulty level of the questions asked in the previous years’ paper of WBJEE test. Important Concepts: The System and the Surroundings System:...

Q1. According to first law of thermodynamics  (a) Total internal energy of a system during a process remains constant (b) Total energy of a system remains constant (c) Work done by a system is equal to the heat transfer by the system (d) Internal energy, enthalpy and entropy during a process remain constant.  Q2. Zeroth law of thermodynamics form the basis of measurement of  (a) Pressure (b) Temperature (c) Heat exchange  (d) Work  Q3. Which phenomenon will occur when the valve at the discharge end of a pipe connected to a reservoir is suddenly closed?  (a) Cavitation (b) Erosion (c) Hammering (d) Surging  Q4. Which one of the following causes lift on an immersed body in a fluid stream ?  (a) Buoyant forces  (b) Resultant fluid force on the body (c) Dynamic fluid force component exerted on the body parallel to the approach velocity  (d) Dynamic fluid force component exerted on the body normal to the approach velocity ...

Hydraulic Turbine Turbine is hydraulic machine which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. This energy is used in running an electric generator which is directly coupled to the shaft of the turbine. Thus we can say that the mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy. The turbines are classified according to the type of energy at inlet as  1)  Impulse turbine  : If at the inlet of the turbine the energy available is only kinetic energy the turbine is known as impulse turbine. 2)  Reaction turbine  : If at the rate of a turbine the water process is kinetic energy as well as pressure energy the turbine is known as reaction turbine. Also according to the direction of flow through runner:  Tangential flow turbine: water flows along the tangent of the runnerRadial flow turbine : water flows in the radial direction through the RunnerAxial flow turbineMixed flow turbine Pelton wheel of Pelton turbine Pelton wheel of pelton turbine is tan...

Hydraulic Turbines transfer the energy from a flowing fluid to a rotating shaft. A turbine is something that rotates or spins. Learn more about how Hydraulic Turbines work in this article. Leonardo da Vinci once said “The power of water has changed more in this world than emperors or kings". It was very rightly stated by him as in present time Hydropower, the power generated from water, has a major contribution to the world’s total power production. This all was made possible by the development of  Hydraulic Turbines  which can transfer the energy from flowing water to the shafts of dynamos producing electrical power. Hydraulic Turbines Hydraulic Turbines have a row of blades fitted to the rotating shaft or a rotating plate. Flowing liquid, mostly water, when pass through the Hydraulic Turbine it strikes the blades of the turbine and makes the shaft rotate. While flowing through the Hydraulic Turbine the velocity and pressure of the liquid reduce, these res...

Hydraulic Turbines transfer the energy from a flowing fluid to a rotating shaft. A turbine is something that rotates or spins. Learn more about how Hydraulic Turbines work in this article. Leonardo da Vinci once said “The power of water has changed more in this world than emperors or kings". It was very rightly stated by him as in present time Hydropower, the power generated from water, has a major contribution to the world’s total power production. This all was made possible by the development of  Hydraulic Turbines  which can transfer the energy from flowing water to the shafts of dynamos producing electrical power. Hydraulic Turbines Hydraulic Turbines have a row of blades fitted to the rotating shaft or a rotating plate. Flowing liquid, mostly water, when pass through the Hydraulic Turbine it strikes the blades of the turbine and makes the shaft rotate. While flowing through the Hydraulic Turbine the velocity and pressure of the liquid reduce, these res...