Hydraulic Turbine

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Hydraulic Turbines transfer the energy from a flowing fluid to a rotating shaft. A turbine is something that rotates or spins. Learn more about how Hydraulic Turbines work in this article.

Leonardo da Vinci once said “The power of water has changed more in this world than emperors or kings". It was very rightly stated by him as in present time Hydropower, the power generated from water, has a major contribution to the world’s total power production. This all was made possible by the development of Hydraulic Turbines which can transfer the energy from flowing water to the shafts of dynamos producing electrical power.

Hydraulic Turbines

Hydraulic Turbines have a row of blades fitted to the rotating shaft or a rotating plate. Flowing liquid, mostly water, when pass through the Hydraulic Turbine it strikes the blades of the turbine and makes the shaft rotate. While flowing through the Hydraulic Turbine the velocity and pressure of the liquid reduce, these result in the development of torque and rotation of the turbine shaft. There are different forms of Hydraulic Turbines in use depending on the operational requirements. For every specific use a particular type of Hydraulic Turbine provides the optimum output.

Hydraulic turbines are Machines which convert hydraulic energy in to mechanical energy. Uses the potential energy and kinetic energy of water and rotate the rotor by dynamic action of water.

Classification of Hydraulic turbines:

1) Based on type of energy at inlet to the turbine:

Impulse Turbine : The energy is in the form of kinetic form. e.g: Pelton wheel, Turbo wheel.

Reaction Turbine : The energy is in both Kinetic and Pressure form. e.g: Tubular, Bulb, Propellar, Francis turbine.

2) Based on direction of flow of water through the runner:

Tangential flow: water flows in a direction tangential to path of rotational, i.e. Perpendicular to both axial and radial directions.

Radial outward flow e.g : Forneyron turbine.

Axial flow : Water flows parallel to the axis of the turbine. e.g: Girard, Jonval, Kalpan turbine.

Mixed flow : Water enters radially at outer periphery and leaves axially. e.g : Modern Francis turbine.

3) Based on the head under which turbine works:

High head, impulse turbine. e.g : Pelton turbine.

Medium head,reaction turbine. e.g : Francis turbine.

Low head, reaction turbine. e.g : Kaplan turbine, propeller turbine.

4) Based on the specific speed of the turbine:

Low specific speed, impulse turbine. e.g : Pelton wheel.

Medium specific speed, reaction turbine. e.g : Francis wheel.

High specific speed, reaction turbine. e.g : Kaplan and Propeller turbine.

5) Based on the name of the originator:

Impulse turbine – Pelton wheel, Girard, Banki turbine.

Reaction turbine – Forneyron, Jonval, Francis, Dubs, Deriaze, Thomson kalpan, Barker, Moody, Nagler, Bell.

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